What happens to the airflow over a wing when vortex generators are used?

When vortex generators are installed on a wing, they create small vortices that mix the higher-energy air from the wing's surface with the lower-energy air in the boundary layer. This mixing increases the energy in the boundary layer and helps to delay airflow separation, which can lead to stall at higher angles of attack. By keeping the airflow attached to the wing longer, the wing maintains its ability to generate lift even as the angle of attack increases, effectively delaying stall.

This process results in a more turbulent airflow over the wing, which is beneficial because it enhances the overall performance of the wing in various flight conditions, particularly during low-speed operations or maneuvers where the risk of stalling is higher. The increased turbulence helps maintain lift and improve control under these conditions.

While other choices mention factors like reduced drag or increased lift, the primary function of vortex generators is to manage airflow behavior, especially in delaying stall by creating turbulence in the boundary layer.