What type of jetstream can be expected to create significant turbulence?

The type of jetstream that is most likely to create significant turbulence is one that is northbound and curves to the east. When a jetstream moves northward and then curves, it creates regions of strong vertical wind shear. This vertical wind shear occurs because different altitudes within the jetstream can have dramatically different wind speeds and directions. Such variations can disrupt the stable flow of air, resulting in turbulence as aircraft encounter these differing wind conditions.

In contrast, a straight jetstream associated with a high pressure ridge tends to create more stable conditions, minimizing turbulence. Similarly, a jetstream with wide isotherm spacing indicates a more uniform temperature distribution, which is associated with less turbulence. Lastly, a southbound jetstream curving to the west may also present a different turbulence profile, but it is not typically as strongly associated with significant turbulence as the northbound jetstream that curves to the east.

Understanding the relationship between the jetstream's direction and curvature, as well as the associated atmospheric conditions, helps pilots and dispatchers anticipate turbulence and enhance flight safety.